Linux系统下常用的系统状态查询命令

　　列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息：如逻辑单元号，硬件地址及设备文件名等。

　　# ps -ef

　　列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息：如进程号及进程名等。

　　# netstat -rn

　　列出网卡状态及路由信息等。

　　# netstat -in

　　列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。

　　# df -k

　　列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。

　　# mount

　　列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。

　　# uname -a

　　列出系统ID 号，系统名称，OS版本等信息。

　　# hostname

　　列出系统网络名称。

　　# lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg

　　显示逻辑卷组信息，如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。

　　# lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv

　　显示逻辑卷各种信息，如包含哪些盘，是否有镜像等。

　　八 网络故障定位方法

　　网络不通的诊断过程：

　　ifconfig 查看网卡是否启动 (up)

　　netstat –i 查看网卡状态

　　Ierrs/Ipkts 和 Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%

　　ping自己网卡地址 (ip 地址)

　　ping其它机器地址，如不通，在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。

　　在同一网中， subnetmask 应一致。

　　网络配置的基本方法：

　　(1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等，一定要用 chdev 命令

　　# chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost

　　# chdev -l en0 -a netaddr="9.3.240.58" -a netmask=255.255.255.0’

　　(2) 查看网卡状态：# lsdev –Cc if

　　(3) 确认网络地址：# ifconfig en0

　　(4) 启动网卡：# ifconfig en0 up

　　(5) 配置路由

　　有两种方式加入路由：

　　永久路由

　　# chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’

　　临时路由

　　# route add 10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59

　　用命令 netstat -rn 查看路由表

　　附：常用命令列表：

　　Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,

　　fn = filename

　　DIR = Directory

　　| = pipe symbol

　　bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)

　　cat -view contents of a file

　　cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output

　　cat fn fn >newfile -combines two files to a single file

　　cd -will return you to default DIR

　　cd / -will put in root DIR

　　cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system

　　cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time

　　cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir

　　cfgmgr -will auto config devices

　　cfgmgr -v &-(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background

　　chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt"l PPs)

　　cp oldfn newfn -copy a file

　　cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory

　　crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user

　　ctrl + v -will page down 1 page

　　ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page

　　del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn

　　df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)

　　df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4

　　diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration

　　diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)

　　diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive

　　dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS

　　dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette

　　dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY

　　doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX

　　errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors

　　errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)

　　errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors

　　errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date

　　errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)

　　errpt -d S -list software errors

　　errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.

　　errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column

　　errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column

　　errclear 0 -clears errorlog

　　errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter

　　errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.

　　finger -same as who but with more details

　　flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette

　　format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive

　　format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44

　　hostname -responds with host system name

　　host (hostname) -responds with internet address

　　instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed

　　lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs

　　lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx

　　lpstat -a all -view all printer queues

　　lptest 80 5 >/dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0

　　ls -list names of files &directories in current dir

　　ls -lia -list details of files, current dir &subdir

　　ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir

　　lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device

　　lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)

　　lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter

　　lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt

　　lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)

　　lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices

　　lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices

　　lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices

　　lscons -lists the assigned console

　　lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)

　　lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines

　　lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)

　　lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP

　　lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd

　　lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs

　　lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column

　　lsps -a -checks available paging space

　　lsps -s -checks available paging space

　　lspv -lists information about the physical volumes

　　lspv hdisk# -list drive info

　　lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in

　　lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users

　　lsvg -lists volume groups

　　lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)

　　more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.

　　mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)

　　mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)

　　mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file

　　oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)

　　pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.

　　pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty"s

　　pdisable tty# -disables a tty

　　penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty"s

　　penable tty# -enables a tty

　　ps -el |pg -look at process running on system

　　pwd -list what DIR you are currently in

　　r -repeats last command

　　rm -i ******* -remove a file &will prompt you if you are sure

　　rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base

　　rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base

　　set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run

　　:wq -write(save) and quit file

　　Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command

　　k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command

　　I -use with SET command inserts characters

　　j -steps you backwards

　　cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word

　　(use with Esc)

　　a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)

　　R -lets you type over letters or words

　　smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)

　　su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)

　　su -switches to root id or prompts you for password

　　su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX"s id

　　tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive

　　tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive

　　tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind &eject tape

　　tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR

　　tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)

　　tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive

　　& -put any command in background with process ID