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至顶网安全频道Linux系统下常用的系统状态查询命令

Linux系统下常用的系统状态查询命令

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列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息:如逻辑单元号,硬件地址及设备文件名等 # ps -ef。列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息:如进程号及进程名等 # netstat -rn。

作者:chinaitlab 来源:chinaitlab 2008年7月3日

关键字: 命令 linux安全 Linux 系统安全

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  列出各个SCSI设备的所有相关信息:如逻辑单元号,硬件地址及设备文件名等。

  # ps -ef

  列出正在运行的所有进程的各种信息:如进程号及进程名等。

  # netstat -rn

  列出网卡状态及路由信息等。

  # netstat -in

  列出网卡状态及网络配置信息。

  # df -k

  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其大小信息。

  # mount

  列出已加载的逻辑卷及其加载位置。

  # uname -a

  列出系统ID 号,系统名称,OS版本等信息。

  # hostname

  列出系统网络名称。

  # lsvg –l rootvg,lsvg –p rootvg

  显示逻辑卷组信息,如包含哪些物理盘及逻辑卷等。

  # lslv –l datalv,lslv –p datalv

  显示逻辑卷各种信息,如包含哪些盘,是否有镜像等。

  八 网络故障定位方法

  网络不通的诊断过程:

  ifconfig 查看网卡是否启动 (up)

  netstat –i 查看网卡状态

  Ierrs/Ipkts 和 Oerrs/Opkts是否>1%

  ping自己网卡地址 (ip 地址)

  ping其它机器地址,如不通,在其机器上用diag检测网卡是否有问题。

  在同一网中, subnetmask 应一致。

  网络配置的基本方法:

  (1) 如需修改网络地址、主机名等,一定要用 chdev 命令

  # chdev –l inet0 –a hostname=myhost

  # chdev -l en0 -a netaddr='9.3.240.58' -a netmask=255.255.255.0’

  (2) 查看网卡状态:# lsdev –Cc if

  (3) 确认网络地址:# ifconfig en0

  (4) 启动网卡:# ifconfig en0 up

  (5) 配置路由

  有两种方式加入路由:

  永久路由

  # chdev -l inet0 -a route=’10.47.0.0’,’9.3.240.59’

  临时路由

  # route add 10.47.1.2 9.3.240.59

  用命令 netstat -rn 查看路由表

  附:常用命令列表:

  Any XXXX, ####, ****, or X is to be substituted by a name, resource name or #,

  fn = filename

  DIR = Directory

  | = pipe symbol

  bosboot -a -d /dev/hdiskx -rebuilds boot record/image on boot device(hdiskx)

  cat -view contents of a file

  cat /tmp/****.1 -view a file, look at output

  cat fn fn >newfile -combines two files to a single file

  cd -will return you to default DIR

  cd / -will put in root DIR

  cd /xxxx -change you to a DIR anywhere is system

  cd .. -will drop you out of 1 DIR at a time

  cd xxxxx -will change you to a DIR in current dir

  cfgmgr -will auto config devices

  cfgmgr -v &-(-v) shows processes (&) puts in background

  chps -s xx hd# -increase paging space (xx=# of addt'l PPs)

  cp oldfn newfn -copy a file

  cp oldfn Dirn -copy a file to another directory

  crontab -l -list crontab entries for the current user

  ctrl + v -will page down 1 page

  ctrl + 6 -will page up 1 page

  del fn -same as rm -i,promts to remove fn

  df -I -shows status of file systems (no inodes)

  df -Ik -(k) show status in 1024 bites(1mb)(only AIX 4

  diag -a -updates changes in hardware configuration

  diag ***** -****= a device type(as tape,disk....Fastpath)

  diag -cd rmtX -resets tape drive

  dosformat -formats a diskette to DOS

  dosdir -list files on dos formated diskette

  dosread XX YY -copies dos file XX to aix file YY

  doswrite YY XX -copies aix file YY to dos file XX

  errpt -generates a one line synopsis of logged errors

  errpt | pg -list errorlog 1 page @ a time(1st column is ID)

  errpt -a -displays detailed information of logged errors

  errpt -s Mmddhhmmyy -select entries posted later than date

  errpt -aj XXXXXXX -list detail error by ID number.(XXX=1st column)

  errpt -d S -list software errors

  errpt -j XXXXXXX -list summary report by ID number.

  errpt -aN XXXXXX -list detailed report by resource name column

  errpt -N XXXXXXX -list summary report by resource name column

  errclear 0 -clears errorlog

  errclear -N XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by resource name, 0=all enter

  errclear -j XXXXX 0 -clears errorlog by ID number.

  finger -same as who but with more details

  flcopy -copies a diskette to another diskette

  format -formats a diskette in default diskette drive

  format -l -formats in lower denity: 1.44 on 2.44 / 720 on 1.44

  hostname -responds with host system name

  host (hostname) -responds with internet address

  instfix -ik IPAR# -lists ipar fix was completely installed

  lppchk -v -checks install status of LPPs

  lppchk -v 2> /dev/lpX -sends output of lppchk to printer lpx

  lpstat -a all -view all printer queues

  lptest 80 5 >/dev/lp0 -send test pattern to lp0

  ls -list names of files &directories in current dir

  ls -lia -list details of files, current dir &subdir

  ls -al -list details of files or dir in current dir

  lsattr -El xxxxxx -list specific settings on a device

  lsdev -C | sort -d -f -list system hardware (devices)

  lsdev -C | grep 00-0X -list resourses for a adapter

  lsdev -Cc xxxxx -H -list devices(xxx=tty,printer,disk,memory,adpt

  lsdev -Cs scsi -list scsi devices(not serial or raid)

  lsdev -Cc tape -list tape devices

  lsdev -Cs pci -list pci devices

  lsdev -Cs isa -list isa devices

  lscons -lists the assigned console

  lscfg -list hardware list (same as diags list)

  lscfg -rl mem* |pg -lists the memory on PCI bus machines

  lscfg -vl XXXXX -list config info from a device.(rmt0,hdisk,etc)

  lscfg -vl sysplanar0 -lists the machine type, model, s/n on SMP

  lsfs -list all filesystems + data from "df" cmd

  lslpp -l | grep BROKEN -lists incomplete ptfs

  lslv -m hd5 -finds boot drive under pv1 column

  lsps -a -checks available paging space

  lsps -s -checks available paging space

  lspv -lists information about the physical volumes

  lspv hdisk# -list drive info

  lspv -l hdisk# -lists logical volume group disk in

  lsuser -f ALL -lists all attributes for all users

  lsvg -lists volume groups

  lsvg -p XXXXXX -lists disks in volume group (xxxxx= volume name)

  more -reads files and displays the text one screen at a time.

  mpcfg -df -list all setting the machine is set to (smp)

  mpcfg -cf 11 1 -changes to fast IPL on SMP machines (smp)

  mv fn (path fn) -move and rename a file

  oslevel -shows AIX version (3.2.4 and above)

  pg -reads and displays text one screen at a time.

  pdisable -makes unavailable or shows all disabled tty's

  pdisable tty# -disables a tty

  penable -makes available or shows all enabled tty's

  penable tty# -enables a tty

  ps -el |pg -look at process running on system

  pwd -list what DIR you are currently in

  r -repeats last command

  rm -i ******* -remove a file &will prompt you if you are sure

  rmdev -l XXXXX -removes a device and defines it to data base

  rmdev -l XXXXX -d -removes a device and deletes it from data base

  set -o vi -sets up to veiw cammands that have been run

  :wq -write(save) and quit file

  Esc + k -used with SET command to list last command

  k,l -k=list next command ran, l=steps you thru command

  I -use with SET command inserts characters

  j -steps you backwards

  cw -cw=removes a word,just type in new word

  (use with Esc)

  a,x,r -a=added text, x=delete text, r=replace text(r+letter)

  R -lets you type over letters or words

  smit ***** -(*****= tape,disk,tty,etc.fastpath)

  su -stands for switch user,(NOT super user)

  su -switches to root id or prompts you for password

  su XXXXXX -switches to XXXXXX's id

  tar -cvf /dev/rmtX /etc -will copy /etc to a tape drive

  tar -tvf /dev/rmtX -will read a tape drive

  tctl -f /dev/rmtX rewoffl -rewind &eject tape

  tctl -f /dev/rmtX.1 fsf 3 -forward advances a tape to be read by TAR

  tctl -F -list avail commands(-F flag is not correct)

  tctl retension -retensions tape in tape drive

  & -put any command in background with process ID

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